Universal Manifest

Roadmap

v0.1 · completed

Envelope format.

The initial specification defined the manifest shape: what travels and how it's structured.

v0.1 established the manifest envelope: a JSON structure carrying identity references, claims, consent records, device registrations, and pointers to canonical data sources in a single portable container. The subject field, facet array, and proof slot were fixed. Resource limits were set: 1 MB max, 10 levels max nesting, and 1,000 max array elements. Projection, choosing which parts each receiver sees, was not yet specified. Signatures were optional, making this version unsuitable for any trust-critical use.

v0.1 defined the shape of the envelope. It could describe a person's context in a single portable document, but could not yet prove that document was authentic.

Spec v0.1

v0.2 · completed

Signature and proof model.

v0.2 made every manifest verifiable and introduced the identity binding framework.

Signatures became mandatory. The baseline cryptographic profile (JCS canonicalization per RFC 8785, with Ed25519 signatures) means every manifest can be checked for tampering, expiry, and revocation. A manifest without a valid signature is rejected.

The identity binding framework introduced four trust tiers, each matching friction to stakes:

  • Tier 0: Self-asserted. Signed manifest, no external proof. Suitable for low-stakes contexts with out-of-band trust.
  • Tier 1: Attested. Claims backed by verifiable presentations or cross-DID attestations. Suitable for social identity, reputation, basic access control.
  • Tier 2: Cryptographic binding. Zero-knowledge proofs or multi-signature proving cross-identifier control without revealing linking secrets. (Defined here; implementation deferred.)
  • Tier 3: Multi-party ceremony. Co-signing from independent keyholders at different locations. Highest-stakes contexts. (Defined here; implementation deferred.)

v0.2 also introduced agent delegation: a convention for AI agents, bots, and proxies to carry delegated authority with scope, expiry, and optional liveness verification. And revocation-aware verification: status endpoints, revocation cursors, and cache-aware status checking.

v0.2 turned manifests from structured data into verifiable documents. A receiver can now check that a manifest is authentic, current, and unrevoked.

Spec v0.2

v0.3 · current

Receiver contract and trust tiers.

v0.3 defines the receiver-behavior contract: what every conformant receiver does when a manifest arrives, in what order, and what it records. A conformance suite exercises every behavior against real fixtures.

The receiver pipeline

Every conformant receiver runs the same pipeline:

  1. Arrive. The manifest is received and parsed. Structure and resource limits are checked.
  2. Verify. The signature is checked against the JCS-canonicalized payload. Revocation status is resolved if a status endpoint is available. Freshness is confirmed; expired manifests are rejected.
  3. Project. Only the facets relevant to this receiver are extracted. Projection is sender-controlled: the receiver gets what was intended, not everything with irrelevant parts stripped after the fact.
  4. Evaluate consent. Per-facet consent records are checked: scope, purpose, expiry, withdrawal status. Encrypted facets are acknowledged as present but not read.
  5. Compose result. Four possible outcomes: accepted, accepted-with-warnings, accepted-partial, rejected. Each is machine-readable and structured.
  6. Write receipt. An honest record of what the receiver actually did: what it checked, what it accepted, what it refused, and what was opaque. The receipt is verifiable.

The four pillars

The receiver contract is built on four properties that hold across every exchange:

  • Projection. Each receiver sees only what the sender intended. This is architectural scoping, not post-hoc filtering. The irrelevant parts never arrive.
  • Consent. Per-facet, per-purpose, with scope, expiry, and withdrawal. Consent travels with the data and is evaluated at the point of use.
  • Opacity. Encrypted facets are present in the manifest and acknowledged by the receiver, but their contents are unreadable. The receiver cannot pretend they don't exist. The receipt records them as opaque.
  • Authenticity. Signatures, revocation checks, and freshness are verified before any other behavior. If verification fails, the sequence stops.

Trust tiers and delegation

The receiver contract carries the identity binding framework into concrete behavior. A receiver can require the tier that matches the exchange: Tier 0 for signed self-assertion, Tier 1 for attested claims, Tier 2 for cryptographic binding with zero-knowledge or multi-signature proof, and Tier 3 for multi-party ceremony in the highest-stakes contexts. Tiers 0 and 1 are usable in the current contract. Tiers 2 and 3 are specified so unsupported requirements can be rejected cleanly until their profiles advance.

Agent delegation lets AI agents, bots, and proxies carry scoped authority with expiry and optional liveness verification. A receiver can distinguish a manifest presented by a person from a delegated session and record that distinction in the receipt.

Bilateral exchange

Trust verification is two-directional. Both parties present manifests to each other. A hotel checks your identity; you check the hotel's authority. The effective trust tier is the maximum of both parties' requirements.

Live implementations

The standard is already being implemented. peers.social is an open-source, self-sovereign identity system built local-first. Users manage their social graph and everything they publish through a Universal Manifest at the core. It's built on the open-source projects at peermesh.org. These are live integrations, not roadmap items.

OMA3 is reviewing the specification. Adjacent standards communities are engaged through the project's lineage in working groups.

What is being built now

  • Envelope validation tightening. Implementer feedback from v0.3 deployments is driving stricter validation rules and resolving ambiguity reports.
  • Conformance suite expansion. Adding coverage for promoted cryptographic profiles, edge-case projection scenarios, and multi-facet manifests with mixed visibility states.
  • External cryptographic profile review. Profiles promoted beyond baseline are being reviewed by domain experts. Profiles that don't pass review are formally deferred with a public reason.
  • Official GitHub repositories. Clean, focused examples of envelope construction, projection, receiver-behavior pipelines, conformance fixtures, and integration patterns. The goal: an implementer reads a use case on the site, clicks through to the repo, and has running code within the hour.
  • Pilot programs. peers.social integration (consent and projection in a live social context), app-store demonstration (manifest handshake on real devices under mobile OS constraints), and open-source hardware implementation (smart glasses running the consent handshake under latency and power constraints).

v0.3 is usable today for pilots, internal tools, research integrations, and trusted-network deployments. The envelope structure, receiver-behavior contract, conformance suite, and baseline cryptographic profile are stable to build on. The contract may still change between versions; that's the tradeoff of building at this stage.

Spec v0.3

v0.4 · next

Production-candidate.

v0.4 is the production-candidate milestone. It incorporates refinements from v0.3 deployment feedback and closes the evidence gates that separate early-adopter use from production commitment.

The specification at v0.4 tightens the receiver-behavior contract based on what implementers found in practice: stricter validation, resolved ambiguities, and removed optional surface area that deployment evidence did not justify.

Production-candidate is also an evidence bar. The project claims it only when all of the following have been demonstrated:

  • External reader validation. Implementers outside the project have read the spec, run the fixtures, and reported where the contract is clear and where it is ambiguous.
  • Independent implementations. At least two implementations, built independently, pass the conformance suite.
  • Reviewed cryptographic profiles. Profiles promoted beyond baseline have been reviewed by external cryptographers or formally deferred with a published reason.
  • Production deployment. At least one non-trivial deployment has run for 90 or more days, long enough to surface operational issues that test suites miss.
  • Adopter cohort. Four or more organizations have participated in implementation or evaluation feedback. Passive interest does not count.
  • Versioning policy published. Production adopters know what can break, what cannot, and how major-version transitions will be handled.

No single gate is sufficient. All six close together or the claim is not made.

Wait for v0.4 if your deployment requires independent implementation evidence, reviewed promoted profiles, a stable versioning guarantee, and a production deployment track record.

v0.4 preview

v0.5 · planned

Advanced protocols.

Protocol additions earned by deployment evidence, not planned by calendar. Each advances when real-world use justifies the added complexity.

Zero-knowledge proofs. A ZK proof profile enabling Tier 2 identity binding: cryptographic proof that the same entity controls multiple identifiers without revealing which identifiers are linked. This is what makes privacy-preserving Sybil resistance possible: proving you are a unique participant without exposing your identity across contexts. The profile advances when wallet and credential ecosystems produce implementations that can be tested against the conformance suite.

Higher-assurance ceremonies. Stronger ceremony tiers and multi-signature support for deployments where Tier 1 attestation is not sufficient but full Tier 3 multi-party ceremony is too heavy. Includes signature-purpose taxonomy so receivers can distinguish between different signer roles.

Post-quantum signatures. A post-quantum signature profile. The current baseline (Ed25519) is not quantum-resistant. A post-quantum profile will be promoted when wallet and credential ecosystems publish post-quantum keys at usable scale. This is preparation, not panic. The timeline is years, but the architecture must accommodate it.

Key and identifier lifecycle. Formal rotation policy for manifest identifiers, subject identifiers, and signing keys in long-lived deployments. Includes compromise-response rules (24-hour target for high-volume issuers) and rotation cadence guidance.

Trust anchor discovery. A shared protocol for discovering and evaluating trust anchors across implementations. Currently trust anchors are deployment-specific; this makes them discoverable.

Federation. Resolver coordination for status checks, cache invalidation, and availability across multiple resolver operators. Moves the spec from single-resolver deployments to federated infrastructure.

v0.5 features advance individually as evidence justifies them. An adopter interested in ZK proofs does not need to wait for federation, and vice versa.

Advancement condition: implementation evidence for each protocol profile.

v0.6+ · future

Ecosystem extensions.

Each of these depends on ecosystem maturity, interoperability evidence, or privacy research that is not yet available.

Data Integrity and RDF signing. The baseline profile signs at the JSON level (JCS canonicalization). Data Integrity signs at the RDF graph level, preserving meaning across representations. This advances when adopters need graph-native signing and at least two implementations can verify a UM Data Integrity profile.

Multi-proof manifests. A single manifest carrying more than one proof (e.g., one proof for the envelope, another for an embedded credential). Advances when real bridge scenarios between proof ecosystems justify the complexity.

Multi-audience projection. Different projections of the same manifest for different receivers. The collusion risk (two receivers comparing notes to reconstruct content neither was meant to see) requires stronger research before the spec takes a position.

Issuer reputation signals. Reputation scoring for issuers and trust anchors. This is ecosystem-level work that depends on a critical mass of issuers and verifiers operating in production.

These are not blocked by the spec. They are blocked by the ecosystems they depend on. When adoption and interoperability evidence arrives, the spec will accommodate it.

Advancement condition: ecosystem maturity and interoperability evidence.

v1.x · future

Standards-body publication.

The specification has passed through an external standards process and earned the evidence base that justifies formal publication.

v1.x marks the point where the standard has been through the full cycle: published by a standards body, running in production for five or more years, implemented by multiple vendors, with independently stewarded certification and a published compatibility and sunset policy.

At that scale, the manifest interface is built into the places people already are: mobile operating systems, game engines, social platforms, hardware. A handshake is a notification, not an app you installed. Your profile, reputation, and content are portable. Smart glasses run consent handshakes in real time.

The path from here: working code, app-store demonstrations proving the handshake on real devices, open-source hardware implementations, peers.social as a live integration, and the evidence base that earns adoption by the platforms people use.

Six criteria, all required:

  • Formal publication. The specification has passed through an external standards process.
  • Five or more years of stable production. Real systems have stayed up and evolved.
  • Multi-vendor diversity. No single implementation is the only place where it works.
  • Certification in operation. Conformance testing is independently stewarded.
  • No breaking changes inside the major line. Version discipline is frozen.
  • Published compatibility and sunset policy. Major-version transitions are documented in advance.

This is where Universal Manifest earns the word "standard" without qualification.

Advancement condition: formal publication and independently stewarded certification.

Scope discipline

What we defer and what we reject.

What a project says no to matters as much as what it says yes to. Every item below has a reason.

Deferred

Multi-audience projection

Collusion and privacy risks require stronger evidence before the spec takes a position.

Pairwise DID automation

Waiting for deployment evidence to clarify where automation belongs across DID methods.

Top-level records array

Waiting for deployment evidence to determine which record fields and namespaces are common enough to standardize.

Authenticated or private resolver

Advances when resolver deployments surface a concrete lookup-privacy requirement.

Multi-proof manifests

Advances when a real bridge between proof ecosystems justifies the added complexity.

Signature purpose taxonomy

Advances when deployments show which signer roles are being confused in practice.

Data Integrity and RDF signing

Advances when graph-native proof ecosystems produce at least two implementations that can verify a direct UM profile.

Rejected

Top-level controller fields

Relationship-specific control semantics belong in claims, facets, profiles, or projections, not at the envelope level.

Top-level producer, audience, and issuer fields

These facts change by context and should be evaluated where the receiver uses them.

Top-level policy and policyRef

The spec is not a general-purpose policy language. Local policy remains local; the receiver's receipt records the outcome.

For adopters

Adopters

Build on it now

The envelope structure, receiver contract, conformance suite, and baseline cryptographic profile are stable. Run the fixtures. Report where receiver behavior is too strict, too loose, or missing a case your deployment needs.

What to wait for

Wait for production-candidate if your deployment requires independent implementation evidence, reviewed promoted profiles, a stable versioning guarantee, and a production deployment record. The v0.4 evidence bar is the boundary.

Register a standard

If your deployment depends on a standard not yet in the registry, submit it. Each integration follows the same four-step process: identify the composition boundary, write the integration profile, pass conformance, and register.

Continue in the docs

The spec is the technical reference for implementers.

New protocol work enters the next release only when deployment shows that the current contract is missing something adopters need.